A branch of dental medicine that treats teeth supporting structure – gums (gingivae), bones and fiber tying the tooth to the bone. Statistics say that periodontitis is the sixth most common chronic disease. It greatly increases the risk of partial or complete tooth loss.

Such health problems reflect on the facial and smile aesthetics. Missing teeth can lead to nutrition problems and, consequently, lower the quality of life.

Periodontitis is one of the most common causes of teeth loss in adults. It is called the ‘quiet disease’ as it can often go unnoticed in its early stages. Prevention is the key. This includes regular dental checkups, which prevent the occurrence of dental plaque, discover the potential presence of periodontal disease, and offer appropriate measures to stop its further development.

Gingivitis and periodontitis are serious inflammatory states of the dental cavity. Gingivitis is a surface inflammation of gums. It can be rehabilitated with intensive and correct hygiene. The cause lies in the dental plaque clusters that gather around the neck of the tooth, caused by inadequate oral hygiene. First symptoms of gingivitis are visible changes in gums. Gums redden, swell, become painful to the touch and bleed during brushing. Inflammation is cured with correct oral hygiene, mouthwash, dental floss and inter-dental toothbrush, as well as professional plaque removal, performed at the dental clinic.

If gingivitis is not treated in time, causing the inflammation to spread and reach deeper structures, periodontitis develops. Periodontitis is an infection that affects teeth supporting bone. When supporting structures – gums and bone start to decay, teeth begin to loosen. This can lead to their loss.

Periodontitis symptoms are bleeding, redness and swelling of the gingiva, bad breath, forming of pus and swelling around the teeth, change in gum color, gum recession, forming of periodontal pockets, loose teeth and/or teeth loss.

Therapy depends on type and level of periodontitis progression. Treatment can include the removal of soft and hard periodontal pocket deposits, all the way to the bottom, dental plaque removal methods, pocket curettage and deep pocket curettage, placement of medicine in the pockets, rinsing, and surgical operation. The goal of therapy is to remove bacteria causing the inflammation, as well as to prevent recurrence of bacterial plaque.

The most common causes of periodontitis are bad oral hygiene, bad prosthetics, replacements and fillings, anatomical anomalies of the jaw, hormonal problems, genetic predisposition, diabetes, low immune function, use of medicine, and smoking.

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